Advances in the research of the effect of toll-like receptor in the formation of keloid / 中华烧伤杂志

Keloid is a kind of pathological scar of skin, which would seriously impair patient's quality of life. But until today, no reliable theory to explain the development of keloid has been established. Recent studies have found that toll-like receptors plays an important role in the formation of keloid. This article reviews the advances in the research of toll-like receptors making contribution to the pathogenesis of keloid. Further researches could lead to a new strategy in treating keloid.

Effect of HSP70 on apoptotic of cartilage cells in knee osteoarthritis / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression and relationship between HSP70 and caspase-3 in knee osteoarthritis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty adult SD rats were divided into experimental group and control group. Thirty rats in experimental group, anterior cruciate ligament transaction (ACLT) was cut off and partial meniscectomy of 1/3 inside incision were performed to reproduce knee osteoarthritis (KOA) model according to Hulth methos, and the other 10 rats was treated with nothing as control group. The rats were sent to the cage and free to move. At 1, 2 and 4 weeks later, the arthritis cartilage of femoral and tibial end were observed through immunohistochemistry staining and light microscope. Meanwhile, Mankin scale system was adopted for histomorphology evaluation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Changes of KOA such as hyperplastic synovium,erosion on the surface of cartilage and so on were found in experiment group, the expression of HSP70 was augmentation all the time, but the expression of caspase-3 was reduction 1 week later; no similar changes were found in control group. Mankin scale system showed that there were significant differences in the first week as compared with the second week and 4th week (both P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Heat shock protein inhibit the apoptosis of cartilage cells and protect the cartilage cells in knee osteoarthritis, the conservative treatment for clinical provide objective scientific basis.</p>

Intrahepatic biliary cystadenoma presenting with pleural effusion / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

Hepatobiliary cystadenomas are rare cystic neoplasms that often occur in middle aged women. The exact etiology of these tumors is unknown. Diagnosis is often delayed in these cases. However, misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment may result in unfavorable outcome. We report a case of hepatobiliary cystadenoma with pleural effusion. We also review the literature and discuss the current diagnostic and treatment modalities.

Correction of cryptotia with the square skin flap / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the feasibility of square skin flap for the correction of cryptotia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From 2001 to 2004, 9 cases (15 sides) with cryptotia were treated with square skin flaps. The upper part of the auricle was distracted from behind the scalp. Based on the Hyakusoku square flap method, 2 triangle flaps and one square flap were designed on the upper part behind the auricle. The flaps were elevated and auricular muscles were released. Then the flaps were transferred.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the flaps survived completely with good wound healing. The patients were followed up for 3 months to 2 years with satisfactory aesthetic and functional results.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The square flap is suitable for mild and moderate cryptotia, which provides enough tissue for reconstruction of auriculocephalic sulcus. The method is easily performed with good result and minor donor stie morbidity.</p>

Fronto-temporal anatomy and its application for augmentation plasty / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To decide the safe dissection plane and evaluate the multiple materials used for the fronto-temporal augmentation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical anatomical observation were made during the fronto-temporal operations. Forty-one patients were treated for the fronto-temporal augmentation with various granular or patched materials in different anatomical plane.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Four relatively safe dissection planes were found in the fronto-temporal area: (1) subcutaneous or above superficial temporal fascia, (2) subgalea plane 1.5 cm above the zygomatic arch, (3) between the deep temporal fascia and the temporal muscle, and (4) beneath the temporal periosteum. With the follow-ups from 6 months to 1 year, the appearance after the fronto-temporal augmentation in each patient was satisfactory or improved, except for the fat granule group with partial absorption and the ePTFE or Medpor hypothesis group shown a stepped contouring at the margin in a few patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Four dissection planes could be shown in the fronto-temporal region for the augmentation plasty with different advantages and disadvantages. The combination could be overcome the disadvantages to improve the results. Fat granule could be the best autograft for frontotemporal augmentation.</p>

Application of immunohistochemistry-laser microdissection-PCR technique in detecting p53 gene mutation in paraffin sections of gastric cancer / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the application of immunohistochemistry-laser microdissection-polymerase chain reaction (IHC-LMD-PCR) technique in detecting p53 gene mutations using paraffin sections of advanced gastric cancers.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expression of p53 protein in 41 paraffin-embedded advanced gastric cancer samples was assessed by immunohistochemistry. The p53-positive or negative carcinoma cells and normal foveolar cells far from the main tumor were then isolated by LMD. The DNA was extracted and p53 gene at exon 5 - 8 amplified by PCR. The products were then analyzed by single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) and automated sequencing.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>p53 gene was successfully amplified in all the 41 specimens. Overexpression of p53 protein was noted in 11 cases. Mutations of p53 gene were found in 15 cases. Eight of the 11 p53-overexpressed cases had p53 gene mutations. On the other hand, p53 gene mutations were found in only 7 of the 30 p53 protein-negative cases. The presence of p53 gene mutations significantly correlated with p53 protein overexpression (P = 0.004).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>IHC-LMD-PCR technique can be successfully applied in paraffin sections of gastric cancers for the detection of p53 gene mutations. The results correlate well with overexpression of p53 protein.</p>

Study on gastrointestinal stromal tumors by electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the histogenesis and neural differentiation of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The ultrastructural morphology and neural differentiated antigen expression were studied in 20 cases of GIST using electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All of the 20 cases mentioned were positive for c-kit expression. The ultrastructural features of neural differentiation were observed in 7 cases, while no neural or myogenic differentiation seen in 12 cases. Myogenic differentiation to smooth muscle was observed in one case. The ultrastructural features of neural differentiation included scattered or cluster distribution of dense core granules in cytoplasm and cytoplasmic processes; formation of synaptic construction of cell processes; and neurogenic-like processes. In some cases pinocytotic vesicles under the cell membrane and skenoid fibers were seen. Neural differentiation with dense core granules was seen in one case in benign, one case in borderline and five cases in malignant group. The positive reactivity of neural differentiated antigen NSE, CD99, S-100p and CD56 in cases of the neural differentiation group appeared in seven, seven, five and four cases respectively, which were significantly higher than that of the undifferentiated group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>It's rather difficult to differentiate GIST accompanying with neural differentiation from gastrointestinal autonomic nerve tumor if depending only on its histology and immunophenotype appearance, since many features were overlapping in both tumors. Examination of the neural ultrastructures and neural differentiated antigen in GIST might be helpful to clarify the neural differentiation and potential behavior of GIST.</p>